पृष्ठभूमि
MVEC strongly encourages people to seek answers to their questions, and to be well informed with evidencebased information. There is a large volume of vaccine information available, particularly on the internet, which can be overwhelming. Some of the information about vaccines is misinformation – there are many conspiracy theories too – which makes it difficult to discern which information sources are trustworthy and hard to know what is true.
Nearly half of all parents have some concerns about immunising their children, ranging from minor concerns to more serious degrees of vaccine hesitancy. Research suggests that information alone is not enough to address people’s concerns about immunisation, even when it comes from recommended sources. Vaccine confidence stems from how vaccines are discussed, as well as the information shared.
Recommendations
One of the most effective strategies to address people’s questions and concerns about vaccines is through a discussion with a trusted healthcare provider like a GP, nurse, paediatrician or midwife. Effective conversations are non-judgemental and help guide people towards accepting vaccination.
Having a combative conversation with a person who has questions about vaccines is never helpful. If possible, try to work out where the person sits on the vaccine hesitancy spectrum. They may have only minor concerns, more serious concerns or they may refuse vaccines all together.
Key steps to an effective vaccine conversation
1. व्यक्ति के सभी प्रश्नों और चिंताओं का पता लगाएं
- एक खुले प्रश्न से शुरुआत करें, जैसे "आपको क्या चिंताएँ हैं?"
- Try to just listen and not jump in and correct their beliefs straight away.
- Encourage them to share all their concerns before you start responding. They may mention their most important concern last.
- Once they have had a chance to list their concerns, summarise them to check your understanding.
2. चिंताओं को स्वीकार करें और ज्ञान साझा करें
- Not everyone is “vaccine hesitant” – having questions is very normal. People are likely to be more receptive to what you have to say if you acknowledge their concerns without judgement.
- यह पूछना उपयोगी है कि क्या आप टीके की सुरक्षा और प्रभावशीलता के बारे में जो कुछ जानते हैं उसे साझा कर सकते हैं और कुछ अच्छे संसाधन और जानकारी प्रदान कर सकते हैं। अपने स्पष्टीकरणों को स्पष्ट रखने का प्रयास करें और समझ की जाँच करें।
- इस बिंदु पर, टीकाकरण स्वीकार करने के लिए उनकी प्रेरणा को सुदृढ़ करना अच्छा है।
3. रोग की गंभीरता पर चर्चा करें
- केवल टीकों पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने के बजाय चर्चा को बीमारी की गंभीरता पर वापस लाना हमेशा अच्छा होता है। यह लोगों को याद दिलाता है कि हम टीकाकरण क्यों कर रहे हैं और लाभ को सुदृढ़ करता है।
4. टीकाकरण की सिफ़ारिश करें
- अंत में, टीका लगवाने के लिए स्पष्ट और सशक्त सिफ़ारिश करें। यह टीकाकरण के महत्व को पुष्ट करता है और स्पष्ट रूप से दर्शाता है कि आपका मानना है कि यह व्यक्ति को टीके से रोकी जा सकने वाली बीमारियों से बचाने का सबसे अच्छा तरीका है।
- यदि यह संभव है और व्यक्ति इच्छुक है, तो टीके वितरित करें या समझाएं कि उन्हें उन्हें प्राप्त करने के लिए कहां जाने की आवश्यकता है।
5. बातचीत जारी रखें
- यदि व्यक्ति अभी तक टीकाकरण स्वीकार करने के लिए तैयार नहीं है, तो संचार खुला रखें और बातचीत जारी रखने के लिए बाद में उन्हें वापस आमंत्रित करें।
Some of these strategies can also be used in conversations between friends and family.
he best approach is not to judge people, correct them, but instead to be curious abouटी their concerns. Focus on your shared common interest, which is the health and wellbeing of them and their family.
Tackling misinformation
While it can be tempting to try to correct misinformation whenever you hear it, this can actually give the issue more oxygen. कब misinformation is spreading widely and beginning to affect people’s vaccination behaviour, it may be time to step in.
If an individual is spreading misinformation, try to speak with them privately, rather than in a public debate online or in person. Acknowledge the emotion and try to look for the truth साथ में.
कब debunking a particular myth, start by clearly restating the truth. Then, explain why the myth is untrue. There are often alternative explanations you can provide for negative experiences that people may have attributed to vaccination.
For example, if someone believes that the flu vaccine gives them the flu because they feel sick after the vaccine, it is not enough to simply tell them that is untrue. Explain क्यों this is untrue: the vaccine contains an inactivated virus that cannot cause the flu. Then follow this with an alternative explanation for the person’s symptoms: this is your body generating an immune response to the vaccine, and these symptoms are much milder and briefer than actual flu symptoms.
Finally, restate the truth. People remember what we say first and last, and what we say more than once. Make sure it is the truth and not the myth that sticks in their minds.
संसाधन
- For general vaccination concerns
- Australian Government Department of Health and Aging: Myths and realities (2013)
- Vaccine safety and your family: Separating fact from fiction (2024)
- SKAI: Sharing Knowledge About Immunisation – Empowering immunisation conversations
- बातचीत: हर कोई टीकाकरण का प्रभावी समर्थक हो सकता है - यहां बताया गया है कि कैसे
- Addressing misinformation and talking about vaccines in online forums
- विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन: सार्वजनिक रूप से टीके से इनकार करने वालों को कैसे प्रतिक्रिया दें
- Steffens MS, Dunn, AG, Wiley KE, Leask J. How organisations promoting vaccination respond to misinformation on social media: a qualitative investigation. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1348. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7659-3
- UNICEF, First Draft, Yale Institute for Global Health and PGP: Vaccine Misinformation Management Field Guide
लेखक: Margie Danchin (Senior Research Fellow, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute), Rachael McGuire (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute) and Jess Kaufman (Research Fellow, Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)
द्वारा समीक्षित: Katie Butler (MVEC Education Nurse)
तारीख: December 2024
नई जानकारी और टीके उपलब्ध होते ही इस अनुभाग की सामग्रियों को अद्यतन किया जाता है। मेलबर्न वैक्सीन एजुकेशन सेंटर (MVEC) कर्मचारी सटीकता के लिए नियमित रूप से सामग्रियों की समीक्षा करते हैं।
You should not consider the information on this site to be specific, professional medical advice for your personal health or for your family’s personal health. For medical concerns, including decisions about vaccinations, medications and other treatments, you should always consult a healthcare professional.