{"id":13573,"date":"2022-01-03T16:00:49","date_gmt":"2022-01-03T05:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mvec.mcri.edu.au\/?post_type=references&p=13573"},"modified":"2025-02-13T14:07:49","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T03:07:49","slug":"zoster","status":"publish","type":"references","link":"https:\/\/mvec.mcri.edu.au\/vi\/references\/zoster\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1eddi leo (herpes zoster)"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n

C\u00fam l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Herpes zoster (shingles) is caused by a reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes <\/span><\/span>th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1eadu<\/span><\/span><\/a> (chickenpox) disease. After a person recovers from varicella, the virus stays dormant (inactive) within the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves but can later be reactivated, presenting as zoster.<\/span> Most people in Australia, especially those over 50 years of age, will have been exposed to varicella (chickenpox) virus in their childhood or <\/span>adolescence<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec<\/h2>\n

Zoster is a painful, vesicular (blistering) rash. It usually presents on one side of the face or body, typically appearing in a dermatomal distribution (an area of skin supplied by a spinal nerve). Prior to the emergence of the rash, there is often pain, itching or tingling in the area where the rash will develop. This can happen anywhere from 1 to 5 days before the rash appears. Other symptoms of zoster can include fever, headache, chills and malaise (generally feeling unwell). The vesicles (blisters) typically scab over 7 to 10 days after onset and resolve completely within 2 to 4 weeks.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication of zoster and is more likely to occur in older people (> 70 years) than younger people. PHN is a chronic neuropathic (nerve) pain which can affect 1 in 4 cases of zoster diagnosed in those aged > 80 years. It can persist for months or up to several years. Given that pain control for PHN can be difficult to manage, it can have a significant impact on quality of life.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Other complications of zoster include skin pigmentation and scarring, secondary bacterial infections, and herpes zoster opthalmicus (eye involvement with differing degrees of symptoms including conjunctivitis, ocular-cranial nerve palsies, loss of vision and debilitating pain).<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n

Zoster cannot be passed from one person to another. It is the reactivation of an individual\u2019s previous VZV infection (chickenpox).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Exposure to the fluid-filled vesicles of a zoster rash can result in a VZV infection (as varicella disease) in a seronegative person (a person with no immunity to VZV). Zoster is less contagious than varicella. The risk of a person with zoster spreading the virus is low if the rash is covered.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

Zoster can only develop in people who have previously been infected with VZV. It more commonly presents in adults aged > 50 years, those who are immunocompromised and those who were diagnosed with a varicella infection at < 12 months. Zoster episodes, including PHN requiring primary care presentation and\/or <\/span>nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n<\/span> tend to impact Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at an earlier age than other non-Indigenous Australians. <\/span><\/p>\n

The lifetime risk of a reactivation of the VZV virus causing zoster is 20 to 30%. Zoster affects half of all people who live to 80 years. Zoster can present more than once. Repeated presentations occur in 6\u20138% of immunocompetent people whereas immunocompromised people experience higher rates of repeated presentations.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/h2>\n

The only way to reduce the risk of developing zoster is through vaccination, which helps suppress the VZV virus. <\/span>Shingrix is a<\/span>n adjuvanted recombinant varicella zoster virus glycoprotein E (gE) subunit (non-live) vaccine. It is\u00a0funded on the Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng Qu\u1ed1c gia (NIP)<\/a> for the following groups:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n