{"id":18158,"date":"2023-05-25T12:20:38","date_gmt":"2023-05-25T02:20:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mvec.mcri.edu.au\/?post_type=references&p=18158"},"modified":"2023-07-04T14:58:14","modified_gmt":"2023-07-04T04:58:14","slug":"haemophilus-influenzae-type-b-hib","status":"publish","type":"references","link":"https:\/\/mvec.mcri.edu.au\/vi\/references\/haemophilus-influenzae-type-b-hib\/","title":{"rendered":"Haemophilus influenzae lo\u1ea1i B (Hib)"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n

C\u00fam l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Haemophilus<\/span> c\u00fam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/span> lo\u1ea1i<\/span> vi khu\u1ea9n<\/span> n\u00f3 C<\/span>M\u1ed8T <\/span>s\u1ed1ng<\/span> trong m\u0169i v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 <\/span>m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a<\/span> B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng <\/span>h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/span> c\u1ee7a<\/span> c\u00e1c <\/span>m\u0169i h\u1ecdng (<\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean<\/span>)<\/span> V\u00e0 <\/span>th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m<\/span> kh\u00f4ng <\/span>nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>e <\/span>tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh<\/span>.<\/span> Tuy nhi\u00ean, w<\/span>g\u00e0 m\u00e1i<\/span> vi khu\u1ea9n <\/span>x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span> c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/span>,<\/span> nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/span> nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 <\/span>bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra<\/span>.<\/span> ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/span> c\u1ee7a <\/span>b\u1ec7nh m\u00e1u kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00fam<\/span> (<\/span>vi khu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi <\/span>ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t <\/span>polysacarit <\/span>vi\u00ean nang)<\/span> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n<\/span>S<\/span> h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u con kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/span> (nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u00ean nang polysacarit)<\/span>. <\/span>Sau \u0111\u00f3<\/span> 6 ki\u1ec3u con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i <\/span>(<\/span>\u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean <\/span>AF<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> lo\u1ea1i B <\/span>(hib)<\/span> l\u00e0<\/span> v\u1eafc xin duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>–<\/span>ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/span>s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span>. <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng Hib x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u00e3o, ph\u1ed5i).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o (vi\u00eam n\u00e3o) l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng Hib x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n huy\u1ebft (nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00e1u). Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam tai gi\u1eefa (nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng tai), vi\u00eam n\u1eafp thanh qu\u1ea3n (s\u01b0ng c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng), vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i (nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5i), vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp (nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp), vi\u00eam m\u00f4 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng da), vi\u00eam t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng (vi\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i tim (vi\u00eam). \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00fai bao quanh tim). <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, 3% c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o do Hib x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong v\u00e0 10-30% c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n kinh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i?<\/h2>\n

Hib c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt b\u1eafn t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh (do ho ho\u1eb7c h\u1eaft h\u01a1i). Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y m\u0169i tr\u00ean kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n vi khu\u1ea9n trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u00f2m h\u1ecdng.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1eafc-xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ch\u1ee7ng ng\u1eeba Qu\u1ed1c gia (NIP) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992, Hib l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng vi khu\u1ea9n x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u1edf tr\u1ebb em \u1edf \u00dac. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 ca nhi\u1ec5m Hib \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 95%.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ebb em th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3o Torres St Eo c\u00f3 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Asplenia v\u00e0 hyposplenia<\/a> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n cao h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7ng ng\u1eeba th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam b\u1eafp c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t (v\u1eafc-xin kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p). Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean NIP t\u1ea1i:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n