{"id":5677,"date":"2020-08-21T21:43:07","date_gmt":"2020-08-21T11:43:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mvec.mcri.edu.au\/?page_id=5677"},"modified":"2024-01-04T15:11:44","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T04:11:44","slug":"thuoc-uc-che-mien-dich-va-vac-xin","status":"publish","type":"references","link":"https:\/\/mvec.mcri.edu.au\/vi\/references\/immunosuppression-and-vaccines\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 v\u1eafc-xin"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n

Background<\/h2>\n

Individuals who are immunocompromised have a weakened immune system, resulting in a decreased ability to fight infections. There are many different causes of immunocompromise, including having certain medical conditions (e.g. autoimmune diseases, cancer, anatomical or functional asplenia, HIV), being a transplant recipient or advancing age. There are also certain medications that can suppress the immune system, sometimes known or immunosuppressive therapies (e.g. corticosteroids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs [DMARDs] or cancer therapies).<\/span><\/p>\n

The term immunosuppression is often used interchangeably with the term immunocompromise. People with a fully functioning immune system can be referred to as immunocompetent.<\/span><\/p>\n

Immunosuppression and vaccines<\/h2>\n

Vaccination is particularly important for those who are immunocompromised, due to the increased risk of developing severe disease (which can lead to hospitalisation, intensive care admission or death) if exposed to vaccine-preventable diseases. In people who are immunocompromised, protection from vaccines can be suboptimal as the body is not as easily able to respond to the vaccine. Therefore, additional doses of vaccines may be recommended.<\/span> Conversely, some vaccines (live-attenuated vaccines) may be contraindicated due to the potential risk of vaccine-related disease.<\/span><\/p>\n

Taking a thorough patient history prior to vaccination is recommended to determine an individual\u2019s degree of immunocompromise\/immunosuppression and to formulate an individualised vaccination strategy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vaccination timing<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Vaccination may need to be planned with the treating specialist. In some instances, the timing of immunosuppressive therapies may be altered to maximise the response to vaccines. In other circumstances, the intervals between vaccine doses may be altered to accommodate treatment regimes.<\/span><\/p>\n

In some instances, vaccines can be given pre-emptively to people who anticipate immunosuppression in the future (e.g. a patient undergoing a planned splenectomy should be immunised prior to surgery).<\/span><\/p>\n

Recommendations<\/h2>\n

L<\/span>ive<\/span>-attenua<\/span>ted vaccines must not be given <\/span>to immunocompromised individuals <\/span>without consultation with a treating specialist. <\/span>The following <\/span>i<\/span>nformation outlines <\/span>s<\/span>pecific <\/span>vaccine<\/span> recommendations<\/span> for <\/span>p<\/span>eople <\/span>who <\/span>are<\/span> immunosuppress<\/span>ed<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>