社区接种疫苗后的不良事件监测 (SAEFVIC)

SAEFVIC (Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Vaccination In the Community) is the central reporting service in Victoria for any significant adverse event following immunisation (AEFI).

An AEFI is defined by the Australian Immunisation Handbook as “any untoward medical occurrence that follows immunisation. It does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the vaccine”. A vaccine error is also considered an AEFI and may be related to the way a vaccine was stored, prepared or administered.

Reporting adverse events is not mandatory in Victoria, however doing so allows the rapid investigation of any potential vaccine or system problems by Victorian and national health authorities (Therapeutic Goods Administration). This helps to ensure a safe and effective immunisation program and it maintains community confidence in vaccines.

Following the report of adverse events, SAEFVIC can facilitate individualised clinical assistance for patients and families affected by an AEFI. This may be done via a face-to-face or telehealth consultation with a specialist or with an immunisation nurse over the phone.

Please see your GP, local emergency department or call 000 if immediate assistance is required.

作者: Nigel Crawford (Director, SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute), Georgina Lewis (Clinical Manager, SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute) and Rachael McGuire (Research Nurse, SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)

审阅者:Rachael McGuire(MVEC教育护士协调员)

日期: 10月 20, 2022

本章节内的材料将随着新信息和新疫苗的出现而进行更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心(MVEC)职员定期审阅材料的准确性。

本站点的信息并非针对你个人健康或你家人个人健康的特定、专业的医疗建议。对于医疗方面的问题,包括有关免疫接种、药物治疗和其他治疗的决定,你务必咨询医疗保健专业人士。


疫苗接种相关的肩伤 (SIRVA)

什么是结核病?

与疫苗接种相关的肩部损伤 (SIRVA) 是一种罕见但严重的并发症,原因是疑似无意中将疫苗接种到三角肌或肩关节的位置过高。这可能导致局部炎症反应和对肩关节内局部结构的潜在创伤,包括滑囊、韧带和肌腱,导致突然发作的肩痛和运动受限。症状可持续数周至数月或长达数年。受影响的个人可能会经历不同程度的残疾,这可能会影响他们的日常生活、社交和情感健康。 

症状

SIRVA 的可区分症状/特征包括: 

  • 接种疫苗后 48 小时内突然出现肩痛 - 与接种疫苗后预期的注射部位疼痛不同 
  • 受影响的肩部活动范围受限 (RROM) 
  • 持续性肩痛和 RROM 持续 >1 周,持续数周至数月 
  • 怀疑接种部位不正确——上臂太高。 

影响和启示

SIRVA 的影响可能包括: 

  • 因疼痛而中断睡眠  
  • 在个人护理、他人护理和日常生活活动方面存在困难 
  • 无法 参加运动或爱好  
  • 修改后的工作职责 
  • 请假与症状和/或治疗和调查有关 
  • 由于 t 造成的收入损失下班时间  
  • 治疗和调查费用造成的经济负担  
  • 情感和社会福祉。 

对 SIRVA 患者的进一步影响可能包括疫苗犹豫、对医疗保健/免疫提供者的信心降低以及免疫原性受损的可能性。

诊断 

全科医生、专科医生或理疗师等专职医疗人员可以根据免疫接种后出现的症状和临床病史来诊断 SIRVA。 

如果进行超声或 MRI 等放射学检查以支持或确认诊断,则可能会发现滑囊炎、粘连性关节囊炎、撞击综合征、滑膜炎或肌腱撕裂等异常情况。  

SIRVA 的早期诊断导致及时治疗,这被认为可以减少症状的持续时间和严重程度。  

治疗方案

SIRVA 可以通过多种方式进行治疗,可能包括以下任何一种: 

  • 非处方止痛药/抗炎药 
  • 处方止痛药/消炎药 
  • 口服皮质类固醇 
  • 皮质类固醇关节注射 
  • 理疗或其他专职医疗人员  
  • 按摩
  • 手术(罕见). 

如何预防 SIRVA

SIRVA 可以通过以下方式预防 推荐d 接种程序 为了正确 注射技术UE. 

WordPress Tables Plugin

请参阅 MVEC:注射疫苗的管理 - 正确的技术 有关正确注射技术的更多信息。

在哪里报告 SIRVA 案例

所有 SIRVA 确诊或疑似病例都应报告给 赛维克 (维多利亚疫苗安全服务)。报告可以由消费者、免疫接种提供者或治疗保健专业人员进行。 

如果需要,SAEFVIC 可以提供临床建议或协助咨询免疫专家。 

资源

作者: Mel Addison(默多克儿童研究所 SAEFVIC 研究护士)、Rachael McGuire(默多克儿童研究所 SAEFVIC 研究护士)、Georgie Lewis(默多克儿童研究所 SAEFVIC 临床经理)和 Nigel Crawford(默多克儿童研究所 SAEFVIC 主任)

审核人: Mel Addison(默多克儿童研究所 SAEFVIC 研究护士)

日期: 2023 年 3 月 23 日

本章节内的材料将随着新信息和新疫苗的出现而进行更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心(MVEC)职员定期审阅材料的准确性。

本站点的信息并非针对你个人健康或你家人个人健康的特定、专业的医疗建议。对于医疗方面的问题,包括有关免疫接种、药物治疗和其他治疗的决定,你务必咨询医疗保健专业人士。


澳大利亚免疫手册中的特殊风险章节

什么是结核病?

Individuals that are at higher risk of vaccine preventable diseases (VPD) are classified as ‘special risk’ groups in the Australian Immunisation Handbook.

This includes populations at special risk (e.g. Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders) and those with additional vaccine requirements (e.g. maternal vaccination; preterm infants). It also has detailed sections on those at special risk because of immune suppression (disease and/or therapy) e.g. Asplenia, cancer/chemotherapy.

The chapter is updated online using the latest available scientific evidence

The Handbook is endorsed by:

  • The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation [ATAGI] and
  • The National Health and Medical Research Council [NHMRC]

资源

审核人: Nigel Crawford(默多克儿童研究所 SAEFVIC 主任)

日期: September 2018

本章节内的材料将随着新信息和新疫苗的出现而进行更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心(MVEC)职员定期审阅材料的准确性。

本站点的信息并非针对你个人健康或你家人个人健康的特定、专业的医疗建议。对于医疗方面的问题,包括有关免疫接种、药物治疗和其他治疗的决定,你务必咨询医疗保健专业人士。

 


实体器官移植受者:移植前免疫建议

背景

In order to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs, people who have undergone a solid organ transplant require varying doses of immune suppressive medication. Once a patient is immune suppressed, seroprotection gained from immunisation may be suboptimal and therefore additional doses of vaccines may be recommended. Some vaccines (live-attenuated vaccines) may be contraindicated.

To overcome this and maximise immune responses it is recommended where possible that all vaccines are administered well before transplant with live-attenuated vaccines administered a minimum of 4 weeks prior to transplant.

请参阅 MVEC: Pre-solid organ transplant recipient immunisation guideline (0-18 years) 了解更多信息。

For immunisation recommendations following a solid organ transplant please refer to your immunisation specialist for specific advice.

MVEC special risk guidelines

These guidelines have been prepared by immunisation staff from the Royal Children’s Hospital and Monash Health and endorsed at a monthly immunisation meeting. Attendees at this meeting include paediatricians, infectious disease physicians, nurse immunisation specialists, infection control team members and a representative from the Immunisation Section of the Victorian Department of Health.

These guidelines are based on the latest available evidence and aim to align with recommendations in the 澳大利亚免疫手册.

疫苗资助

这些指南中的一些建议超出了国家免疫计划 (NIP) 的范围。不同的司法管辖区和个别医院对非 NIP 疫苗有不同的方法,应向当地卫生服务部门澄清。

We welcome any feedback on the guidelines, please email: [email protected]

资源

作者: Nigel Crawford (Director, SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute) and Rachael McGuire (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)

审核人: Rachael McGuire (MVEC Education Nurse Coordinator) and Annie Cobbledick (Immunisation Pharmacist, the Royal Children’s Hospital)

日期: 2021 年 3 月

本章节内的材料将随着新信息和新疫苗的出现而进行更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心(MVEC)职员定期审阅材料的准确性。

本站点的信息并非针对你个人健康或你家人个人健康的特定、专业的医疗建议。对于医疗方面的问题,包括有关免疫接种、药物治疗和其他治疗的决定,你务必咨询医疗保健专业人士。