背景

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a skin condition affecting many people of all ages but is most common in infants and young children. It affects approximately 40% of babies and children worldwide and often appears in the first year of life. Many children grow out of eczema around the age of 5 years however, there are some individuals who will have eczema throughout their life.

Eczema, along with asthma, allergy and allergic rhinitis are more formally known as atopic conditions. Of those children with moderate to severe eczema, a small number will go on to develop food allergy, asthma of childhood and/or allergic rhinitis.

It is not well understood why some individuals develop eczema or other atopic conditions however, there is research and clinical trials currently underway looking into possible genetic, immunological and environmental causes for eczema.

疫苗

It is safe and recommended for individuals with eczema to receive vaccines according to the National Immunisation Program (NIP); and there is currently no robust evidence suggesting a causal link between immunisation and eczema. Eczema affects people differently and there are multiple triggers that may cause flares including viral or bacterial infections, environmental allergens, stress and some medications.

建议

Eczema may flare in the days following immunisation, however this is not a contraindication to future vaccines.  It is recommended to follow an eczema treatment plan which may include regular moisturiser, topical steroids and barrier creams. If the first presentation of eczema following immunisation, it is recommended to seek GP assessment for an appropriate management plan.

防范措施

If there is active eczema at the intended site of injection, an alternate site could be considered to reduce the risk of infection (or abscess). If no other site is deemed suitable, cleaning the site with an alcohol-based wash/single use alcohol swab and allowing the site to dry completely before injecting could be considered.

BCG vaccination should be deferred if there is active eczema at the injection site.

这 smallpox vaccine ACAM2000™ is contraindicated in individuals with active eczema, atopic dermatitis or other exfoliative skin conditions due to the risk of developing eczema vaccinatum (a reaction to smallpox vaccination experienced by people with eczema/atopic dermatitis resulting in a severe rash and systemic illness).

资源

作者： Mel Addison（默多克儿童研究所 SAEFVIC 研究护士）

审核人： Mel Addison (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute) and Francesca Machingaifa (MVEC Education Nurse Coordinator)

日期： 1 月 30, 2023

本章节内的材料将随着新信息和新疫苗的出现而进行更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心（MVEC）职员定期审阅材料的准确性。

本站点的信息并非针对你个人健康或你家人个人健康的特定、专业的医疗建议。对于医疗方面的问题，包括有关免疫接种、药物治疗和其他治疗的决定，你务必咨询医疗保健专业人士。