जी पत्र

इन्फ्लुएंजा क्या है?

G6PD की कमी वाले लोगों में ग्लूकोज-6-फॉस्फेट डिहाइड्रोजनेज (G6PD) नामक एंजाइम (रासायनिक) की पर्याप्त मात्रा नहीं होती है। यह एक अनुवांशिक विकार है जो मुख्य रूप से पुरुषों में होता है।

G6PD के बिना, कुछ खाद्य पदार्थों, संक्रमणों, दवाओं या रसायनों के संपर्क में आने पर लाल रक्त कोशिकाएं नष्ट हो जाती हैं। लाल रक्त कोशिकाएं अधिक मात्रा में टूटने से हेमोलिटिक एनीमिया (लाल रक्त कोशिकाओं की संख्या में कमी), पीलिया (पीली त्वचा या आंखें), सांस की तकलीफ और अन्य लक्षण हो सकते हैं।

G6PD एक विरासत में मिली स्थिति है और इसे एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे व्यक्ति में नहीं फैलाया जा सकता है। G6PD की कमी को प्रबंधित करने में ऐसे खाद्य पदार्थों और दवाओं से परहेज करना शामिल है जो स्थिति के एपिसोड को ट्रिगर कर सकते हैं।

G6PD की कमी और टीके

टीकाकरण संभावित ट्रिगर्स को रोकने का एक महत्वपूर्ण तरीका है जो जी6पीडी की कमी वाले लोगों में वायरल और जीवाणु संक्रमण हो सकता है। टीकों से बचने के लिए एक दवा के रूप में पहचान नहीं की गई है। G6PD की कमी वाले लोगों को अतिरिक्त निगरानी की आवश्यकता के बिना सामुदायिक सेटिंग्स में सुरक्षित रूप से प्रतिरक्षित किया जा सकता है।

G6PD की कमी और COVID-19 टीके

नियमित टीकों की तरह, COVID-19 टीके G6PD की कमी वाले लोगों को सुरक्षित रूप से दिए जा सकते हैं। क्लिनिकल परीक्षण और वास्तविक दुनिया के साक्ष्य ने COVID-19 टीकों और G6PD की कमी वाले लोगों के बारे में किसी विशेष चिंता की पहचान नहीं की है।

इस बात का कोई सबूत नहीं है कि G6PD की कमी वाले लोगों के लिए COVID-19 टीकाकरण का एक विशेष ब्रांड पसंद किया जाता है। 

संसाधन

• RCH बच्चों के स्वास्थ्य की जानकारी: G6PD
• Healthdirect: G6PD की कमी

 

पृष्ठभूमि

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is rare autoimmune condition (where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks itself) that results in damage to the peripheral nerves (specifically the myelin and sometimes the axon). In Australia it affects approximately one person per 100,000 each year, occurring more commonly in males. Incidence of GBS increases with increasing age.

GBS symptoms include muscle weakness, altered sensation, numbness and paralysis. Symptoms usually start in the lower extremities and progress up the body over a few days or weeks. In severe cases, GBS can compromise the ability to speak, swallow and breath.

There is no known cure, and treatment involves intravenous immunoglobulin and supportive measures such as mechanical ventilation (if required). Most cases spontaneously recover, although this may take from 6 months to 2 years. Approximately 10–15% of people who have been diagnosed with GBS will have permanent disability.

GBS and vaccines

The cause of GBS is not entirely clear but is often triggered by a viral (e.g.

या COVID-19) or bacterial (e.g. campylobacter) infection, usually occurring 1 को 3 weeks prior to symptoms developing. Very rarely, GBS has been reported in people who have recently received certain vaccines. एचowever, evidence demonstrates that this occurs at a much lower rate compared to GBS following an infection.

इन्फ्लुएंजा

वार्षिक

vaccination is funded on the राष्ट्रीय टीकाकरण कार्यक्रम (NIP) for specific populations (including all children aged 6 months to < 5 years, गर्भवती महिलायें,, प्रथम राष्ट्र के लोग from 6 months of age, adults from 65 years, and people of any age with specified medical conditions). Anyone else over 6 months of age wishing to be protected can receive vaccination at cost.

It is estimated that vaccination against influenza can result in one case of GBS per 1 million doses of vaccine administered. However, the risk of GBS occurring post influenza infection is approximately 15 times higher than this.

Herpes zoster (shingles)

Vaccination against दाद छाजन is funded on the NIP as a 2-dose course for immunocompromised adults aged 18 and over, First Nations adults from 50 years of age and all other adults from 65 years.

Global post-marketing surveillance suggests that dose 1 of Shingrix can be attributed as the cause of six cases of GBS per one million doses of vaccine administered in people aged over 65 years. The evidence does not show an increased risk of developing GBS following the second dose of Shingrix. Zostavax (a previously available vaccine for herpes zoster) was not linked to GBS. 

There is some evidence to suggest that GBS is also triggered following herpes zoster reactivation (shingles disease).

रेस्पिरेटरी सिंकाइटियल वायरस (आरएसवी)

The RSV vaccine Abrysvo is funded on the NIP for गर्भवती महिलायें, from 28 weeks’ gestation. The RSV vaccine Arexvy is funded (as of 15 May 2026) on the NIP for older adults aged ≥ 75 years and First Nations adults aged ≥ 60 years. It is also recommended, but not funded, for adults aged 60 to 74 years with specified medical conditions.

Vaccine safety surveillance data shows an increased risk of developing GBS following receipt of RSV vaccination in adults aged 60 years and over, with rates varying internationally. There is no evidence to suggest an increased risk for those aged under 60 years and therefore there is no concern for the administration of Abrysvo in pregnant people although vaccine safety monitoring continues. Given the potential severity of RSV infection in older adults and rare risk of GBS, the benefits of RSV vaccination far outweigh potential risks.

COVID-19

एक प्राथमिक प्रक्रिया COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for all adults. Booster doses are recommended for specific populations every 6 to 12 months based on individual risk factors for severe disease.   

The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer or Moderna) have not been associated with the development of GBS. GBS has been reported to occur both in people who had received the COVID-19 vaccine Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) and in people who have recently had a COVID-19 infection. Since March 2023, Vaxzevria is no longer available for use in Australia.  

Recommendations

For people who have previously been diagnosed with GBS, regardless of the trigger, the risk of relapse is low.

Where a person develops GBS within 6 weeks of receiving a vaccine, a report should be made to the adverse event reporting service in your jurisdiction. In general, future doses of that vaccine/s should be avoided, but there is no need to avoid other vaccines. Consultation with an immunisation specialist/neurologist may be helpful to determine the risks vs benefits of vaccination.

Individuals who develop GBS more than 6 weeks following a vaccine, or unrelated to a vaccine, can safely receive all future vaccines recommended to them.

संसाधन

• AusVaxSafety Clinical Resources: Approach to influenza vaccination in patients with a history of Guillain–Barré Syndrome
• ऑस्ट्रेलियाई प्रतिरक्षण पुस्तिका: इन्फ्लुएंजा अध्याय
• Better Health Channel: Guillain–Barré Syndrome
• TGA: Shingrix vaccine and very rare risk of Guillain–Barré Syndrome
• TGA: Updated warnings for Respiratory Syncytial Virus vaccines Arexvy and Abrysvo