The Lancet - Emergency use authorisation for COVID-19 vaccines: lessons from Ebola
In order to increase public acceptance of an emergency use authorisation for COVID-19 vaccines, the following article in The Lancet suggests that lessons can be learnt from previous experiences with Ebola virus vaccines in Guinea and the Democratic Republic on the Congo.
Emergency use authorisation allows the public to access promising medicinal products prior to licensing and registration. In the setting of a public health emergency, their use may be ethically justified if certain conditions are met.
By having a transparent evaluation process, ensuring that it meets a favourable benefit-risk ratio based on quality and safety data, and having an accountable system of regulatory oversight and monitoring, the ethical quality and overall acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine can be improved.
अधिक पढ़ने के लिए नीचे दिए गए लिंक का अनुसरण करें:
The Lancet - Emergency use authorisation for COVID-19 vaccines: lessons from Ebola
The Conversation: Moderna’s COVID vaccine reports 95% efficacy
The American biotech company Moderna has released early data from phase III clinical trials, announcing that its COVID-19 vaccine has an efficacy level of 94.5%.
Like Pfizer's vaccine, the Moderna vaccine is also an mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccine, however will be easier to distribute as its temperature requirements are 4℃ for 30 days (rather than -70℃ as in the case of the Pfizer vaccine); and for storage requirements beyond 30 days it needs to be kept at -20℃.
The stage III trial involved 30,000 participants, out of those 95 people developed COVID-19 in the week after the final vaccination, with 90 of those being in the placebo group and only 5 in the group who received the COVID vaccine.
It is unknown how long protection from this vaccine lasts and how effective it is in the elderly, pregnant women or those with a chronic illness; however, in results Moderna published in September the vaccine produced a similar amount of antibodies in adults over 70 as adults under 70 years of age. It did however induce fewer T cells in people aged over 71, so at this stage it is not know whether this will result in lower protection or shorter lasting immunity in the elderly.
वैक्सीन वोडकास्ट
As 2020 draws to a close there is optimism that a safe and effective vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) will soon be approved to control the pandemic. In our 3-part vodcast series, we discuss how it is possible to develop a vaccine in such a compressed timeline, the various vaccine platforms being utilised and their individual advantages and disadvantages, as well as the different priority groups to be offered immunisation. We will explore the preliminary results from clinical trials, as well as discuss the ongoing safety monitoring that will occur even once a vaccine has been approved for use.
ऑस्ट्रेलिया के लिए COVID-19 टीकाकरण नीतियां, कार्यक्रम और प्राथमिकता
ऑस्ट्रेलिया की COVID-19 टीकाकरण नीतियों, कार्यक्रमों और प्राथमिकता पर विवरण जारी किया गया है।
अधिक जानकारी के लिए नीचे दिए गए लिंक का अनुसरण करें:
- Australian Government Department of Health: ATAGI - preliminary advice on general principles to guide the prioritisation of target populations in a COVID-19 vaccination program in Australia
- ऑस्ट्रेलियाई सरकार का स्वास्थ्य विभाग: COVID-19 टीकाकरण प्राथमिकता
- ऑस्ट्रेलियाई सरकार का स्वास्थ्य विभाग: ऑस्ट्रेलियाई COVID-19 टीकाकरण नीति
COVID19 रोड टू ए वैक्सीन एपिसोड 17: कैसे COVID-19 महामारी का प्रबंधन ब्रिटिश कोलंबिया, कनाडा में डॉ बोनी हेनरी के साथ किया जा रहा है
हमारे COVID19 रोड टू ए वैक्सीन सीरीज़ के एपिसोड 17 में, हमारे मेजबान, एसोसिएट प्रोफेसर निगेल क्रॉफर्ड, कनाडा में बीसी प्रांत के प्रांतीय स्वास्थ्य अधिकारी (PHO) डॉ बोनी हेनरी से बात करते हैं। जैसा कि PHO बोनी COVID-19 महामारी के लिए प्रांत की प्रतिक्रिया का नेतृत्व कर रहे हैं। बोनी 2018 की शुरुआत से इस भूमिका में हैं और इससे पहले तीन साल तक डिप्टी पीएचओ थे। वह सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य और निवारक चिकित्सा में माहिर हैं, और पाकिस्तान में विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन और यूनिसेफ पोलियो उन्मूलन कार्यक्रम और युगांडा में इबोला के प्रकोप के दौरान डब्ल्यूएचओ के साथ काम करने की पृष्ठभूमि है। उनके पास SARS, H1N1 महामारी और BC में ओवरडोज इमरजेंसी के लिए अग्रणी प्रतिक्रिया का अनुभव है। बोनी ब्रिटिश कोलंबिया विश्वविद्यालय, फैकल्टी ऑफ मेडिसिन में एसोसिएट प्रोफेसर हैं और टीकाकरण पर कनाडा की राष्ट्रीय सलाहकार समिति के सदस्य हैं। वह और निगेल निम्नलिखित पर चर्चा करते हैं:
- बोनी की वर्तमान भूमिका, जो COVID-19 महामारी के लिए BC की प्रतिक्रिया का नेतृत्व कर रही है
- उसने 2003 के सार्स प्रकोप से क्या सीखा और कैसे इस अनुभव और ज्ञान को वर्तमान महामारी पर लागू किया जा सकता है जैसे संपर्क अनुरेखण का महत्व, प्रकोपों का प्रबंधन और जनता के साथ संवाद करने का महत्व
- COVID-19 टीके कनाडा में भूमिका निभाएंगे और ऐसी चुनौतियाँ जिनका सामना करने की आवश्यकता होगी जैसे कि रसद, पर्याप्त सुरक्षा प्रोफ़ाइल सुनिश्चित करना, प्राथमिक समूहों को पहले प्रतिरक्षित करना और स्वदेशी समुदायों की रक्षा करना
- टीकाकरण के बाद प्रतिकूल घटनाओं के लिए निगरानी का महत्वपूर्ण महत्व
लिंक:
- द न्यूयॉर्क टाइम्स: शीर्ष डॉक्टर जिन्होंने कोरोनोवायरस परीक्षण किया
- बीसी रोग नियंत्रण केंद्र: बीसी कोविड-19 डेटा
- कनाडा सरकार: प्रारंभिक COVID-19 टीकाकरण के लिए प्रमुख जनसंख्या पर टीकाकरण पर राष्ट्रीय सलाहकार समिति (NACI) से प्रारंभिक मार्गदर्शन पर कनाडा के मुख्य सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य अधिकारी का बयान
- कनाडा सरकार: कनाडा सरकार ने COVID-19 के लिए अतिरिक्त वैक्सीन उम्मीदवार और उपचार को सुरक्षित करने के लिए नए समझौतों पर हस्ताक्षर किए
- BC Children's Hospital: Manish Sadarangani
- डलहौजी विश्वविद्यालय बाल रोग विभाग: करीना टॉप
आप यहां एपिसोड सुन सकते हैं:
The World Health Organization: How do vaccines work?
The World Health Organization have developed a new resource explaining how vaccines provide immunity.
To view the resource please follow the link below:
The World Health Organization: How do vaccines work?
The New York Times: The Husband-and-Wife Team Behind the Leading Vaccine to Solve Covid-19
BioNTech, a German-based biotechnology company with a focus on developing cancer therapies, previously predicted that messenger-RNA technology could be used to rapidly develop a vaccine in the event of a pandemic.
The company, founded by Dr Ugur Sahin and Dr Ozlem Tureci, in partnership with Pfizer, announced this week that their COVID-19 vaccine candidate is more than 90% effective.
To read more, please follow the link below:
The New York Times: The Husband-and-Wife Team Behind the Leading Vaccine to Solve Covid-19
BBC: Covid vaccine - First 'milestone' vaccine offers 90% protection
Vaccine developers Pfizer and BioNTech have announced preliminary data shows their COVID-19 vaccine is demonstrating 90% effectiveness. The vaccine has been tested on over 43,000 people in six countries (USA, Germany, Brazil, Argentina, South Africa and Turkey). They are planning to apply for emergency approval so the vaccine can be in use by the end of November.
Requiring two doses three weeks apart, the vaccine has been developed using an mRNA platform. Scientists take part of the virus’s genetic code and coat it in a lipid so that it can enter the body’s cells resulting in the production of the coronavirus spike protein, prompting the immune system to produce antibodies and T-cells to kill the infected cells. If the person who has been immunised encounters the virus, the antibodies and T-cells are then activated to fight the virus.
It is not known how effective the vaccine will be in elderly people as yet or how long immunity will last. This vaccine is not without manufacturing and logistical challenges, as mRNA vaccines need to be stored at minus 80 degrees Celsius. To date, no major safety issues have been identified.
Read more about this via the link below:
BBC: Covid vaccine: First 'milestone' vaccine offers 90% protection
BBC: Coronavirus - Scientists using TikTok to teach about vaccine
Scientists will use social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram and Twitter to communicate information about COVID-19 vaccines in development. They will share science in a simple way as well as answer questions in an effort to reclaim the trust of the public which has been undermined by the rampant spread of misinformation.
This is part of new campaign, Team Halo, which has the backing of the United Nations’ Verified Initiative, द वैक्सीन कॉन्फिडेंस प्रोजेक्ट और GAVI, The Vaccine Alliance.
अधिक पढ़ने के लिए नीचे दिए गए लिंक का अनुसरण करें:
Coronavirus: Scientists using TikTok to teach about vaccine
The bmj: Midwives and paramedics can deliver flu and covid vaccines after new laws come into force
New laws, introduced by the UK government, will now see midwives and paramedics able to administer influenza and COVID-19 vaccines (once available). Expanding the workforce responsible for administering vaccines will improve the public's access to vaccination. These healthcare workers will undergo additional training to ensure patient safety is maintained.
Currently doctors, accredited nurse immunisers, nurse practitioners and pharmacist immunisers can administer vaccines in Victoria.
अधिक पढ़ने के लिए नीचे दिए गए लिंक का अनुसरण करें:
The bmj: Midwives and paramedics can deliver flu and covid vaccines after new laws come into force