This information is accurate as of 04/6/2026. Please refer back to the website to ensure all reference information is current and up-to-date.

C字母

新冠肺炎

什么是流行性感冒？

COVID-19 disease is caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus of which there are many different strains and subvariants.  

Since its emergence in 2019, COVID-19 disease has had vast impacts on society including a global pandemic. In addition to the public health implications, the economic, social and mental health effects have been and continue to be significant.   

要找什么？

Infections can be asymptomatic or can result in a spectrum of symptoms, from mild respiratory symptoms to more serious disease affecting multiple organs and systems. Severe disease can lead to hospitalisation, mechanical ventilation, and can be fatal.    

Common symptoms of acute infection include rhinorrhoea (runny nose), sneezing, headache, sore throat and fatigue. The symptoms of fever, loss of smell or taste and persisting cough were features comonly seen in infections with earlier variants (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta). 

Long COVID is a chronic condition that can occur following acute infection. It is the persistence of symptoms for greater than 3 months after an initial infection that cannot be attributed to other causes. Long COVID can have a huge impact on an individual’s quality of life, mental health and ability to participate in work or schooling. Long COVID is more common in people who have experienced severe COVID-19 disease, those who had underlying medical conditions prior to infection (e.g. hypertension, chronic lung disease, diabetes, obesity) and those who are unvaccinated.  

Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS), or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C), is a newly described condition that has been reported in children in the first 2-6 weeks after COVID-19 infection. It is an inflammatory condition, similar to 川崎病，并以皮疹、发烧、休克和腹痛为特征。患有 PIMS-TS 的儿童几乎总是需要住院治疗。

结核病是如何传播的？

COVID-19 is transmitted through the inhalation of virus particles made airborne when an infected person coughs, sneezes, breathes, speaks or sings. Droplets containing virus particles can contaminate surfaces and can be spread when a person touches these surfaces and then touches their nose, mouth or eyes. Poorly ventilated settings can also contribute to the spread of COVID-19 because aerosol particles can remain suspended in the air for several hours longer than in well-ventilated settings. 

The incubation period for the disease is 1 to 14 days, with most individuals displaying symptoms 3 days after being exposed. Individuals are most infectious in the 2 days before their symptoms begin and the early stages of their illness. People with asymptomatic disease can still infect others.   

流行病学

自2019年以来，超过 776 million infections have been reported worldwide contributing to more than 7 million deaths. True figures are likely to be much higher. Serosurveys indicate that by December 2022 more than two thirds of adult Australians had been infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Individuals with immunocompromise, advancing age (particularly > 70 years), obesity, respiratory conditions, heart disease, diabetes, renal disease, liver disease, neurological conditions and disability are more likely to experience severe symptoms if infected with SARS-CoV-2. Pregnancy in unvaccinated people is also recognised as a risk factor for developing severe disease; however, this risk has declined substantially with the emergence of newer variants (Omicron). 

Certain occupations, such as working in healthcare, increase likelihood of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and therefore infection.   

预防

Strategies to reduce risk of transmission of COVID-19 disease include standard precautions such as hand hygiene, wearing masks when remaining socially distant is not possible and ensuring indoor spaces have good ventilation.   

While natural infection does provide some immunity, it is not lifelong, and the emergence of newer strains contributes to repeat infections. 

Vaccination aims to reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and the need for hospitalisation. There are 2 vaccine brands available for use within Australia:  

  • Comirnaty (Pfizer) vaccine containing nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2   
  • Spikevax (Moderna) vaccine containing nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2.   

As newer variants of 这 SARS-CoV-2 virus emerge,

是 updated to target the strains that are circulating; where possible, these should be used preferentially. 

Table 1: Vaccine brands and type available for use by age group

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阴影框表示疫苗不适用于该年龄组。
✓ may be used in this age group.

初级课程

Immunocompetent people aged 5 years and over require a single dose of vaccine to complete their primary course.

People aged 6 months and over with 严重的免疫功能低下, and children aged 6 months to 4 years with increased risk of severe disease, require 2剂, 8 weeks apart. A 3rd dose may be considered based on individual circumstances.

Further doses

Following receipt of a primary course, recommendations for further doses vary depending on the age of the individual and their risk factors for severe disease.  

Table 2: 2024 recommendations for COVID-19 booster doses (adapted from ATAGI statement on the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in 2024)

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shaded boxes indicate that vaccination is not recommended in this age group.

免疫接种的副作用

常见副作用 

Most side effects following COVID-19 vaccination are mild and can include pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache, lymphadenopathy and fever. 

罕见的副作用  

心肌炎（心肌发炎）和心包炎（心脏周围内膜发炎） are rare conditions that have been reported following administration of COVID-19 vaccines. They are most commonly associated with viral infections (including COVID-19 disease) but can also be triggered by other factors such as medications and autoimmune conditions. In the setting of vaccination, the peak risk group for myocarditis is young adult males aged between 16 and 24 years following a second dose of vaccination. Pericarditis occurring after vaccination is more common in the 20 to 45 year old age group for both males and females. 

血栓形成伴血小板减少症 (TTS) 是一种罕见病症，据报道发生在之前接种过 COVID-19 疫苗 Vaxzevria（阿斯利康）的人群中. Since March 2023, Vaxzevria is no longer available for use in Australia.

常见问题

  • Can pregnant or breastfeeding people receive COVID-19 vaccines?

    Yes it is safe to administer COVID-19 vaccines at any stage of

    . Due to an increased risk of severe outcomes for pregnant women and their unborn babies it is 受到推崇的 that any unvaccinated pregnant people receive a primary course of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Administration of further doses can also be considered if they are due.

    Those who are breastfeeding can receive COVID-19 vaccines, and do not need to stop breastfeeding before or after being vaccinated.

    Real world surveillance of international data on mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administration in pregnant people has shown no significant safety concerns for either the mother or the baby. Further to this, antibodies have been detected in the cord blood and breastmilk of vaccinated people, suggesting a transfer of protection to the baby.

  • 我在哪里可以获得 COVID-19 疫苗？

    Individuals aged ≥ 5 years can access COVID-19 vaccines through GP clinics

    some pharmacies. Children aged 6 months to 4 years can receive 新冠肺炎
    through Hospital immunisation services at 蒙纳士儿童医院, 皇家儿童医院
    Joan Kirner 妇女儿童医院（阳光）.要找到离您最近的提供者并进行预约，请访问 Health direct website.  

  • COVID-19 感染和疫苗接种之间的推荐间隔时间是多长？

    There is no recommended interval between having COVID-19 infection and being vaccinated. It is safe for a person who has had recent infection to receive a vaccine.

  • COVID-19 疫苗能否与其他疫苗在同一天接种？

    COVID-19 vaccines can be co-administered (given on the same day) with other vaccines, including influenza vaccines for individuals aged 5 years and over. An interval of 7 to 14 days between vaccines is preferred for children aged 6 months to 4 years to avoid the possib我lity of adverse events such as fever. However, if this is logistically challenging, coadministration can occur. 

    Due to both vaccines carrying a small risk of developing myocarditis, i

    circumstances where ACAM 2000 and COVID 19 vaccination is
    , an interval of 4 weeks could be considered. 

资源

作者： Francesca Machingaifa（MVEC 教育护士协调员）和 Rachael McGuire（MVEC 教育护士协调员）

审核人： Rachael McGuire（MVEC 教育护士协调员）

日期: December 2024

本章节内的材料将随着新信息和新疫苗的出现而进行更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心（MVEC）职员定期审阅材料的准确性。

本站点的信息并非针对你个人健康或你家人个人健康的特定、专业的医疗建议。对于医疗方面的问题，包括有关免疫接种、药物治疗和其他治疗的决定，你务必咨询医疗保健专业人士。

经过 艾丽丝·布莱克

癌症免疫指南：化疗和造血干细胞移植后的疫苗推荐

背景

Cancer (also known as malignancy) is a disease involving the uncontrolled growth of an abnormal group of cells. These abnormal cells can damage organs and blood vessels, spread to other areas of the body, and if left untreated can be fatal.

Cancers also impact an individual’s immune function, making them more vulnerable to infections. Additionally, treatment of cancers (e.g. chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapies or haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT)) can cause immune suppression, which may result in the loss of protection previously gained from past infections or vaccinations.

建议

Vaccination is generally withheld during 癌症 treatment due to an inability to mount an effective immune response. However, despite anticipating a diminished response, 我ndividuAls are still encouraged to receive annual

。19 
 (if indicated) throughout treatment due to the
risk of severe disease if infected.

Vaccines should be withheld in individuals with severe neutropenia (neutropenia refers to below normal levels of neutrophils/white blood cells; severe neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count of <0.5 x 109/L) due to the risk of febrile neutropenia, which is a medical emergency.

定时

Following the completion of treatment, re‑vaccination (completion of a full primary course) or booster doses (top‑up doses) are recommended to optimise protection. The type of cancer treatment received, the age of the recipient, previous vaccine history, and any other co‑morbidities will inform the number of vaccine doses/schedule required.

Vaccines can be administered from 3 months after completion of treatment and when the underlying illness is in remission (in consultation with the treating oncologist). Live-attenuated vaccines may need to be delayed if there is ongoing immune suppression or in instances where blood products or immunoglobulins have been administered. Influenza vaccines should continue to be administered annually.

Table 1: Immunisation guideline for children (≤ 18 years) who completed chemotherapy with the last < 2 years

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* Booster doses for children who received their primary course of vaccines before diagnosis/treatment. Children who did not previously receive a full primary course should follow a catch up schedule as per the 澳大利亚免疫手册.
^ Vaccination can commence > 3 months after completion of treatment and if underlying illness is in remission. Once vaccines are completed, children should continue to be vaccinated as per the 国家免疫计划（NIP）.
# If the child is > 4 years of age but < 10 years of age, they must also complete a single dose of Infanrix‑IPV/Quadracel > 6 months later.
Ω  Administer only once child is > 6 months of age. refer to MVEC: COVID。19 for age。appropriate brands. Additional doses may be considered for individuals with ongoing immunocompromise.
β There are recommended intervals between the administration of live。attenuated vaccines and blood products. Please refer to MVEC：减毒活疫苗和免疫球蛋白或血液制品 before administering for more information.
 shaded boxes indicate  居住。attenuated vaccines, which should only be given on consultation with oncologist.

Table 2: Immunisation guideline for children (≤ 18 years) who received a HSCT within the last < 2 years

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* Regardless of previous vaccine history, re‑vaccination with a full primary course is required for children post‑HSCT. Following this, the 掐 should be followed to ensure an individual is up to date with booster doses.
^ Vaccination can commence > 3 months after completion of treatment and if underlying illness is in remission. Once vaccines are completed, children should continue to be vaccinated as per the 掐.
# Dose 3 Infanrix hexa completes the primary schedule. If the child is > 4 years of age but <10 years of age, they must also complete a single dose of Infanrix‑IPV/Quadracel > 6 months later.
Ω Administer only once child is > 6 months of age. Refer to MVEC: COVID‑19 for age‑appropriate brands. Additional doses may be considered for individuals with ongoing immunocompromise.
β

here are recommended intervals between the administration of live‑attenuated vaccines and blood products. Please refer to MVEC: Live‑attenuated vaccines and immunoglobulins or blood‑products before administering for more information.
shaded boxes indicate live‑attenuated vaccines, which should only be given on consultation with oncologist.

Considerations

Whilst Infanrix hexa, 瓦克斯利斯

Priorix tetra are not routinely administered to individuals aged 10 to 18 years, they are preferentially used by some immunisation specialists to reduce the number of injections required by children following cancer treatment. Individual vaccines instead of combination vaccines may be used so long as all antigens are accounted for.

家庭联系人

Family members and other household contacts of individuals undergoing cancer treatments should ensure they are up to date with all recommended vaccines, particularly

,
新冠肺炎.

资源

作者： Rachael McGuire (MVEC Education Nurse Coordinator), Nigel Crawford (Director SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute), Francesca Machingaifa (MVEC Education Nurse Coordinator) and Teresa Lazzaro (Consultant Paediatrician, Royal Children’s Hospital)

审核人： Rachael McGuire (MVEC Education Nurse Coordinator) and Nigel Crawford (Director, MVEC and SAEFVIC)

日期： September 2025

本章节内的材料将随着新信息和新疫苗的出现而进行更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心（MVEC）职员定期审阅材料的准确性。

You should not consider the information on this site to be specific, professional medical advice for your personal health or for your family’s personal health. For medical concerns, including decisions about vaccinations, medications and other treatments, you should always consult a healthcare professional.

经过 雷切尔麦奎尔

水痘

经过 雷切尔麦奎尔

新鲜食品的）低温运输系统

冷链描述了在制造商建议的温度范围内运输和储存疫苗的系统。它从疫苗制造开始，通过疫苗配送中心运输到免疫服务提供者，到疫苗接种结束。

大多数疫苗对紫外线和荧光灯也很敏感，必须存放在原包装中。

未能正确储存和处理疫苗会导致疫苗效力降低和疫苗接种者的免疫反应不足以及对疾病的保护能力差。

传统疫苗储存

大多数疫苗必须在 +2°C 至 +8°C 的传统冷链温度下运输和储存。最佳温度为+5°C。

专用疫苗冰箱是储存疫苗的首选，因为它们是专门为在这些温度下储存疫苗而设计和建造的。家用冰箱不适合存放疫苗。

对于流动或外展免疫诊所，疫苗可以用高质量的冷藏箱运输。冷却器必须使用冰袋或凝胶袋适当包装，并始终使用可靠的温度监控。冷却器不适用于长期储存疫苗（超过 8 小时）或极端天气条件。

有关传统疫苗储存和管理的更多信息，请参见国家疫苗储存指南： 力争5。

超冷链仓储

某些 COVID-19 疫苗的储存需要超低温。

Comirnaty™ (Pfizer/BioNTech) 需要在 -90°C 至 -60°C 之间的温度下在特制冰箱中进行超冷链存储。运输时需要热托运人将装有疫苗的纸箱浸没在干冰中。

秒杀 (elasomeran) 需要 -25°C 至 -15°C 的超冷链存储。解冻后，Spikevax 可在 +2°C 至 +8°C 的温度下储存和运输长达 30 天。

处理冷冻疫苗时，必须按照制造商的建议使用超冷链处理设备。冷冻疫苗一旦解冻，就不能再冷冻。

有关详细信息，请参阅 维多利亚州 COVID-19 疫苗接种指南.

社区药房获得的疫苗

需要维持冷链，不仅是针对作为国家免疫计划的一部分提供的疫苗，还针对人们凭处方从药房购买的疫苗。提供疫苗处方的医生应告知个人，重要的是仅在参加疫苗接种的实践或诊所预约之前立即从药房购买疫苗。药剂师还有责任就维持冷链的重要性提出建议。到达诊所后，个人应通知接待处他们有疫苗可放入疫苗冰箱。

如果免疫服务提供者担心个人提供的疫苗可能储存在推荐范围之外，则不应接种该疫苗。

冷链漏洞

当疫苗暴露在制造商推荐范围之外的温度下时，就会发生冷链破坏。

冷链漏洞还包括将疫苗暴露在光线下。

如果怀疑冷链泄露，隔离受影响的疫苗很重要。在寻求有关机构的进一步澄清之前，请勿使用受影响的疫苗。重要的是要报告任何冷链违规情况，以便个人可以重新接种疫苗（如果需要）或可以召回未使用的疫苗（如果需要）。

国家免疫计划 (NIP) 疫苗、流感和旅行疫苗的冷链违规必须尽快使用 冷链违规报告表.卫生署将概述下一步要采取的步骤的建议。

应致电 1800 318 208 向联邦疫苗运营中心 (VOC) 报告 COVID-19 疫苗的冷链违规行为。VOC 将就必须如何管理冷链违规行为提供建议。

资源

作者： Georgie Lewis（默多克儿童研究所 SAEFVIC 临床经理）

审核人： Rachael McGuire（MVEC 教育护士协调员）

日期： 2021 年 9 月

本章节内的材料将随着新信息和新疫苗的出现而进行更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心（MVEC）职员定期审阅材料的准确性。

本站点的信息并非针对你个人健康或你家人个人健康的特定、专业的医疗建议。对于医疗方面的问题，包括有关免疫接种、药物治疗和其他治疗的决定，你务必咨询医疗保健专业人士。

经过 艾丽丝·布莱克

Cystic fibrosis immunisation recommendations

背景

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder, primarily affecting the lungs as well as the pancreas, liver, kidneys and intestines.  In patients with CF, the cells that are responsible for producing mucous, sweat and other fluids are impaired. As a result of this, secretions become thick and sticky, impacting the function of certain organs in the body. 1 in 2500 babies in Australia are born with CF each year.

CF 的症状包括频繁的胸部感染、体重增加和生长缓慢、肠梗阻、不育症（常见于男性）和糖尿病。治疗包括强化日常理疗、酶替代药物、盐和维生素补充剂、运动和高热量饮食。糖尿病患者需要进行胰岛素和血糖监测。许多患者进展到需要肺移植，导致 免疫妥协. CF 患者感染的风险很高，包括一些可以通过疫苗预防的感染。

免疫建议

建议 CF 患者根据国家免疫计划 (NIP) 完成常规免疫接种计划以及一些额外资助的免疫接种。

NIP 提供中学疫苗，所有 CF 儿童都应接种，包括 7 年级（12-13 岁）：Boostrix® (白喉–破伤风–

) 和 Gardasil® 9 (人乳头状瘤病毒) 和 10 年级（14-19 岁）Nimenrix® (脑膜炎球菌ACWY).

流行性感冒

CF 患者每年从 6 个月大起接受流感疫苗接种。在接种疫苗的第一年需要接种 2 剂适合年龄的疫苗 [请参阅 MVEC：流感疫苗建议].

肺炎球菌

Prevenar 13® (肺炎球菌 结合物）应给予 6 周、4 个月、6 个月（额外剂量）和 12 个月。

应在 4 岁时给予一剂 Pneumovax® 23（肺炎球菌多糖）。至少 5 年后应接种第二剂。

如果正在为肺移植做准备，则需要进一步的加强疫苗 [请参阅 MVEC：实体器官移植受者]

新冠肺炎

CF 患者如果被感染，出现 COVID-19 疾病严重症状的风险会增加。建议所有 6 个月及以上的人进行初级疫苗接种， 加强剂量 建议某些人使用，具体取决于年龄和其他风险因素。

要考虑的其他疫苗

水痘

目前单剂量

疫苗由 NIP 资助。 MMRV (ProQuad/Priorix-tetra) 组合计划用于 18 个月大的婴儿，但是接种 2 剂水痘疫苗可以增强保护作用。可以通过私人脚本获得第二剂水痘疫苗。由于水痘疫苗是减毒活疫苗，剂量应至少间隔 4 周。

甲型肝炎

CF 患者处于相关肝病的风险中。皇家儿童医院为其患者队列提供 2 剂甲型肝炎疫苗疗程。给药可以从 12 个月大开始。

资源

作者： Rachael McGuire（SAEFVIC 研究护士，默多克儿童研究所）Nigel Crawford（SAEFVIC 主任，默多克儿童研究所）和 Nadine Henare（护士协调员 - 免疫，皇家儿童医院）

审核人： Francesca Machingaifa（MVEC 教育护士协调员）

日期： 10 月 3, 2024

本章节内的材料将随着新信息和新疫苗的出现而进行更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心（MVEC）职员定期审阅材料的准确性。

本站点的信息并非针对你个人健康或你家人个人健康的特定、专业的医疗建议。对于医疗方面的问题，包括有关免疫接种、药物治疗和其他治疗的决定，你务必咨询医疗保健专业人士。

经过 艾丽丝·布莱克

补种免疫

如果一个人的免疫接种未达到国家免疫计划 (NIP) 的最新水平，重要的是要安排一个补种计划，以便在最短和最有效的时间内完成免疫接种，以确保预防疫苗可预防的疾病。

在开始追赶计划之前，应尽可能获得任何以前免疫接种的书面文件。文件可以包括免疫历史声明 (AIH) 来自 空气、个人免疫记录（即：绿皮书）或医疗记录。海外记录可能需要翻译。

在追赶免疫接种之前，通常不建议进行血清学检查。

包括寻求庇护者在内的所有难民和人道主义入境者都有资格获得免费补种免疫 [参见资源]。

请注意，由于易感条件或处于危险情况，可能会建议某些人接受额外的免疫接种。如需进一步查询，请联系 MVEC 这里.

对于 10 岁以下的人

澳大利亚免疫手册：赶上计算器

对于 10 岁至 19 岁的个人

维多利亚时代的免疫追赶工具

难民和寻求庇护者

维多利亚州 DHHS 和 Health Translations 拥有极好的资源，可以帮助难民和寻求庇护者进行免疫接种。它已被翻译成 10 多种语言（参见 为维多利亚州的难民和寻求庇护者接种疫苗).

资源

作者： Nigel Crawford（墨尔本皇家儿童医院儿科医生）和 Rachael McGuire（默多克儿童研究所 SAEFVIC 研究护士）

审阅者：Rachael McGuire（MVEC教育护士协调员）

日期： 1 月 31, 2022

本章节内的材料将随着新信息和新疫苗的出现而进行更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心（MVEC）职员定期审阅材料的准确性。

本站点的信息并非针对你个人健康或你家人个人健康的特定、专业的医疗建议。对于医疗方面的问题，包括有关免疫接种、药物治疗和其他治疗的决定，你务必咨询医疗保健专业人士。

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患有心脏病的儿童

背景

儿童心脏病可以是先天性的或获得性的。先天性心脏病描述了多种情况，包括心脏、主要血管或心脏瓣膜的畸形。每年在澳大利亚出生的婴儿中，大约有十分之一会患有某种形式的先天性心脏病。获得性心脏病可包括风湿性心脏病或继发于 川崎病.

与没有心脏病的儿童相比，患有潜在心脏病的儿童患疫苗可预防疾病并发症的风险更高。由于需要频繁的医疗保健预约和住院，暴露风险增加可能会加剧这种情况。风险最高的人包括患有紫绀型心脏病或心力衰竭的儿童。

疫苗建议

患有心脏病的儿童可以安全地接种疫苗 国家免疫计划（NIP） 疫苗时间表。还建议接种其他疫苗，例如肺炎球菌疫苗、流感疫苗和 COVID-19 疫苗（见表 1）。

建议家庭成员和家庭接触者及时接种所有疫苗，包括百日咳疫苗、年度流感疫苗和 COVID-19 疫苗。患有心脏病的儿童的密切接触者可以接种减毒活疫苗，而无需采取额外的预防措施。

表 1：针对患有心脏病的儿童的疫苗建议

疫苗 推荐
流行性感冒 建议从 6 个月大的婴儿开始每年接种一次流感疫苗。小于 9 岁的儿童在接种疫苗的第一年需要接种两剂适龄疫苗。
肺炎球菌 建议在 6 个月大时（或诊断时，以较晚者为准）接种额外的肺炎球菌结合疫苗 (Prevenar 13®)。肺炎球菌多糖疫苗 (Pneumovax 23®) 应在 4 岁时接种（Prevenar13 后至少 8 周，以较晚者为准），然后至少在 5 年后接种另一剂（一生最多接种 2 剂）。
新冠肺炎 患有心脏病的儿童 患严重 COVID 疾病的风险更大。建议 6 个月及以上的儿童接种初级 COVID-19 疫苗，并建议 ≥ 12 岁的儿童接种进一步的加强剂量。
旅行疫苗 出国旅行时应寻求专家旅行建议，尤其是到疫苗可预防疾病的高风险地区。

患有心脏病的儿童需要接受 移植 还应该接受进一步的疫苗作为移植前检查的一部分。

免疫接种查询应直接向主治医生和/或 皇家儿童医院免疫服务.

疫苗注意事项

在以下情况下为患有心脏病的儿童接种疫苗时，建议采取预防措施：

  • 在儿童中 免疫功能低下, 减毒活疫苗可能是禁忌的
  • 收到的孩子 血液制品/和/或免疫球蛋白 可能需要延迟疫苗接种
  • 如果孩子们也是 无脾或有脾功能减退症， 建议进一步接种疫苗
  • 需要心脏手术的儿童：
    • 手术前 – 灭活疫苗可在手术前 1 周内接种，减毒活疫苗可在手术前 3 周内接种（例如 MMR、水痘）
    • 由于可能将预期的疫苗副作用与术后并发症混淆，因此手术后需要接种的疫苗应至少推迟一周。

资源

作者： Kirsten Mitchell（默多克儿童研究所 SAEFVIC 研究护士）

审核人： Francesca Machingaifa（MVEC 教育护士协调员）和 Rachael McGuire（MVEC 教育护士协调员）

日期： 8 月 5, 2022

本节中的材料会随着新信息和疫苗的出现而更新。墨尔本疫苗教育中心 (MVEC) 的工作人员会定期检查材料的准确性。您不应将本网站中的信息视为针对您的个人健康或您家人的个人健康的具体、专业的医疗建议。对于医疗问题，包括有关疫苗接种、药物和其他治疗的决定，您应该始终咨询医疗保健专业人士。

经过 艾丽丝·布莱克

关于 MVEC

墨尔本疫苗教育中心 (MVEC) 是一个教育网站，旨在为医疗保健专业人员和公众提供最新的免疫接种信息。我们位于研究机构默多克儿童研究所 (MCRI)，隶属于维多利亚疫苗安全服务机构 SAEFVIC（社区接种疫苗后的不良事件监测）。

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