NSW Health: First death of person with Japanese encephalitis since 2022
NSW has reported the death of a person who had been receiving care for Japanese encephalitis (JE) since early February. This is the first death in NSW from JE since May of 2022. It is believed the person acquired JE while visiting the Murrumbidgee region in January.
JE is a rare but potentially serious disease spread to humans through mosquito bites. JE can be prevented through physical barriers aimed at preventing mosquito bites, and vaccination for individuals in high-risk groups.
Some Australian states have programs to fund vaccines for those with specific risk factors.
Read NSW Health’s full statement here.
For more information about JE disease and prevention, head to MVEC：日本脑炎.
Texas Health and Human Services: First death in measles outbreak
这 Texas Department of State Health Services in the United States has reported the first death from measles in an outbreak that has been ongoing since late January 2025. The person who died was a child who was not vaccinated against measles.
As of 25 February, there have been 124 cases confirmed in the outbreak, most of which are in children.
Measles is a highly contagious viral illness. Initial symptoms include fever, malaise, cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis, followed by rash. Complications include pneumonia and otitis media (ear infection); 1 in 1000 people will develop encephalitis (brain inflammation).
Vaccines are highly effective in protecting against disease.
Read the Texas Department of State Health Services’ full statement here.
There is an active health alert in Victoria regarding recent measles cases in the state. Read the Victorian Department of Health alert here.
For more information about measles, head to MVEC：麻疹.
Previous MVEC news on measles:
MVEC: Cases of measles rising around the world (February 2024)
MVEC: The dangers of vaccine misinformation: Robert F Kennedy Jr (July 2023)
AIR: Mandatory reporting changes from 1 March 2025
From Saturday 1 March 2025, it will be mandatory for all vaccination providers to report information about whether an individual was pregnant at the time of vaccine administration on the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR).
AIR is a ‘whole of life’ national database recording all vaccines administered in Australia. Reporting vaccine administration to AIR is mandatory.
Read more on the mandatory reporting changes on the federal Department of Health and Aged Care website, and read more about AIR on MVEC’s reference page, MVEC：澳大利亚免疫登记.
Australian Immunisation Handbook: Updated to reflect removal of Zostavax
The Australian Immunisation Handbook has been updated to reflect the removal of Zostavax, a vaccine used to protect against zoster, also referred to as shingles. Zoster is caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, the same virus that causes varicella (chickenpox).
Zostavax was a live-attenuated vaccine previously available under the National Immunisation Program, and was replaced by Shingrix in November 2023.
The following sections of the Australian Immunisation Handbook have been updated:
MVEC：带状疱疹（带状疱疹） (please note that MVEC's immunisation reference page has also been updated to reflect the removal of Zostavax)
澳大利亚免疫手册
CDC: February 2025 ACIP meeting postponed
这 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), an expert independent advisory group within the Center for Disease Control (CDC), is the national immunisation technical advisory group (NITAG) for the United States – the equivalent of Australia’s ATAGI.
ACIP in an internationally recognised leading NITAG and holds three regular meetings each year, in which the committee reviews scientific data and votes on US vaccine recommendations. These meetings are open to the public via live webcast, and materials, including all presentation slides, are made available for download following the meetings.
ACIP’s meeting planned for 26 to 28 February 2025 has been postponed.
Data shared through ACIP communications, and the discussions held during these meetings, are a valued resource for Australian immunisation providers and policymakers.
Materials from past meetings and the planned agenda for the postponed February meeting currently remain available on the ACIP website.
Find more information on NITAGS on the Global NITAG Network’s (GNN) website.
In memory of Penny Jones
The MVEC and SAEFVIC teams are deeply saddened by the passing of Penny Jones.
Penny was instrumental in founding 澳大利亚脾脏, based at the Alfred Hospital. She was a passionate advocate for patients without a functioning spleen and was dedicated to reducing their risk of infections by providing education and individualised support. Her unwavering commitment to ensuring patients had access to affordable vaccines was unparalleled.
It has been an honour to have known and worked with Penny. She will be missed by her colleagues, friends, and everyone whose lives she touched.
Victorian Department of Health: Increase in Q fever cases
On 5 February 2025, the Victorian Department of Health issued an alert regarding an increase in cases of Q fever.
Q fever is caused by infection with a zoontoic bacteria transmitted from animals to humans, and can result in acute or chronic disease. People at the highest risk of exposure to Q fever are those in close contact with animals and animal products.
The Health Department’s alert notes a significant increase of Q fever cases in 2024 compared to previous years.
Read the health advisory in full at Victorian Department of Health: Increase in Q fever cases
Leanr more at MVEC: Q fever
NT Independent: Free meningococcal B vaccination now available for infants, adolescents
Effective since 1 January 2025, a new vaccine program provides menB protection for infants aged 6 weeks to 2 years and adolescents aged 14 to 19 years.
NT Independent: Free meningococcal B vaccination now available for infants, adolescents
National Immunisation Program: New meningococcal vaccine funded from 1 July 2024
From 1 July 2024, the meningococcal ACWY vaccine MenQuadfi will be funded on the National Immunisation Program (NIP).
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is caused by infection with the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. It can result meningitis and septicaemia, as well as other infections like pneumonia, arthritis and conjunctivitis. Children under 2 years have the highest incidence of meningococcal disease in Australia, with another peak among adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 years.
MenQuadfi replaces Nimenrix for the adolescent age group (year 10 equivalent and up to 19 years for catch up). Children aged 12 months and those with specific medical conditions will continue to receive the Nimenrix vaccination on the NIP.
MenQuadfi was registered for use by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in 2020. It is given as a single 0.5 mL dose, to be administered intramuscularly.
NIP: Meningococcal ACWY vaccines – updates for 1 July 2024
TGA: MenQuadfi
MVEC：脑膜炎球菌
Victorian Department of Health: Changes to mpox vaccine eligibility criteria
Mpox is a viral zoonosis (an infection spread from animals to humans). Since April this year, there have been 24 confirmed cases of mpox in Victoria, 21 of which were locally acquired.
In Victoria, the eligibility criteria for free primary prevention vaccination (PPV) and post-exposure preventative vaccinations (PEPV) have been expanded.
Find out more about the recent transmission and accessing vaccines at Victorian Department of Health: Changes to mpox vaccine eligibility criteria.