更新免疫参考页：猴痘 (MPX)
猴痘是一种病毒性人畜共患病（一种从动物传播给人类的感染）。它是由属于 正痘病毒 属（也导致天花病毒引起天花病和牛痘病毒，用于天花疫苗）。
历史上，天花疫苗曾用于预防天花感染，但是，它们也 可能对猴痘有效.
澳大利亚有两种天花疫苗可用于预防猴痘：
- ACAM2000™ – 第二代减毒活疫苗
- JYNNEOS® – 第三代非复制疫苗
我们的猴痘参考页面已更新，包括针对感染风险最高人群的扩展资格标准。
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更新免疫参考页：日本脑炎
日本脑炎病毒 (JEV) 是一种罕见但可能很严重的感染，由黄病毒引起，通过蚊虫叮咬传播给人类。它是亚洲和西太平洋地区疫苗可预防脑炎（脑部感染）的主要原因。它有 最近被发现 在维多利亚州和澳大利亚东部各州的养猪场和人类病例中均有报道。
我们的日本脑炎参考页面已更新，包括针对维多利亚州北部受洪水影响地区的维多利亚州居民的扩展资格标准，那里有更多的蚊子。
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更新免疫接种参考页：维多利亚州的强制性疫苗接种指南
疫苗授权意味着在某些情况下需要疫苗接种证明或授权的医疗豁免。强制执行通常被认为是优化疫苗接种的后期步骤，因为在执行强制执行之前确保以公平的方式获得疫苗非常重要。疫苗授权可能因司法管辖区而异，并且澳大利亚各地可能存在一些差异。
我们的强制性疫苗说明参考页面最近已更新，包括与维多利亚州个人相关的说明。他们包括：
- 疫苗具体说明
- 政策的具体方向。
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更新免疫参考页：癫痫和免疫页
癫痫是导致人癫痫发作的大脑疾病。虽然大多数人癫痫的病因通常是未知的，但它可能包括遗传病、脑损伤或感染、出生时缺氧损伤、脑肿瘤或神经退行性疾病。
感染，包括可通过疫苗预防的感染（例如麻疹、流感、COVID-19 等），可引发癫痫患者癫痫发作。虽然通常建议接种疫苗，但我在极少数情况下，疫苗也会引起癫痫发作。这就是为什么在为癫痫患者计划疫苗接种时进行风险/收益评估很重要。
我们的参考页面最近已更新为详细信息：
- 癫痫和疫苗相关癫痫发作
- 遗传性癫痫人群的免疫接种管理，易发生疫苗相关癫痫发作（Dravet 综合征和 GEFS+）
- 免疫建议和管理。
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更新了免疫参考页：结核病 (BCG)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that predominantly manifests in the lungs but can spread to other areas of the body including the brain, bones, kidneys and lymph nodes. Whilst Australia has some of the lowest rates of TB in the world, it is estimated that globally one-quarter of the world’s population is infected.
Our reference page has recently been updated to include information on:
- the infection and what to look for
- epidemiology
- vaccination
- tuberculin skin testing.
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更新的免疫参考页 – 与疫苗接种相关的肩部损伤 (SIRVA)
Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) is a rare but serious complication following suspected inadvertent administration of a vaccine too high in the deltoid or into the shoulder joint. It can cause a local inflammatory response and potential trauma to local structures within the shoulder joint with symptoms lasting for weeks, months or even years.
我们的参考页面最近已更新为详细信息：
- symptoms/features of SIRVA
- impacts and implications
- diagnosis and treatment options
- how to prevent SIRVA
- where to report a case of SIRVA.
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微血管内皮细胞： Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA)
更新的免疫参考页：接种 COVID-19 疫苗后的心肌炎和心包炎
MVEC’s myocarditis and pericarditis reference page has been updated following the recent changes to the guidance on myocarditis and pericarditis associated with COVID-19 vaccination.
This update is reflective of ATAGI’s recent advice which has identified that all of the COVID-19 vaccines available within Australia (including non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines) carry a small increased risk of myocarditis or pericarditis occurring following vaccination.
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MVEC: Myocarditis and pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccines
Updated immunisation reference page - Pharmacist immunisers
Our pharmacist immuniser reference page has recently been updated to incorporate the expansion of the pharmacist immuniser program allowing accredited pharmacist providers to administer additional vaccines to more people.
Pharmacist immunisers that have completed a recognised ‘Immuniser program of study’, are now authorised to administer the following vaccines in Victoria:
- human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines to those aged 12 years and older
- pneumococcal vaccines to people aged 50 years and older
- herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine to people aged 50 years and older
- monkeypox vaccines to patients recommended for vaccination aged five years and older.
In addition to this, pharmacist immunisers are now able to administer the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dTpa) vaccine to anyone aged 12 years or older (previously only to those from 15 years of age).
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新的免疫参考页：体位性心动过速综合征 (POTS) 和免疫
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a condition that most commonly affects teens and young adults and involves a cluster of symptoms including increased heart rate (tachycardia), dizziness, weakness, vision changes, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances or nausea.
No link has been found between vaccination and POTS and a diagnosis of POTS is not a contraindication to receiving vaccinations. In fact, some cases of POTS are thought to occur following an acute infection, some of which are vaccine-preventable.
Vaccination is an important way to stay healthy and protected against disease. Any concerns an individual with POTS has regarding immunisation should be discussed with an individual’s treating healthcare practitioner.
Our new reference page outlines what POTS is and the implications of having POTS on immunisation.
For further information, click on the link below:
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and immunisation
新的免疫参考页：脊髓灰质炎
脊髓灰质炎（脊髓灰质炎）是由 3 种脊髓灰质炎病毒（血清型 1、2 或 3）之一的胃肠道（肠道）感染引起的。脊髓灰质炎病毒是 RNA 肠道病毒，来自 小核糖核酸病毒科 家庭。
大约 70% 的脊髓灰质炎感染没有症状或表现为非特异性发热性疾病。据估计，在所有脊髓灰质炎病例中，弛缓性麻痹的发生率不到 1%。
我们的新参考页面详细介绍了传播途径、流行病学以及通过疫苗接种进行的预防。
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