NCIRS 网络研讨会：即将到来的国家免疫计划变更：您需要了解的内容
2020 年 7 月 1 日，国家免疫计划 (NIP) 的重要变化以及肺炎球菌、脑膜炎球菌和甲型肝炎疫苗接种的建议将生效。
NCIRS 将于 6 月 16 日下午 1 点（澳大利亚东部标准时间）举办关于这些变化的网络研讨会。通过以下链接注册网络研讨会：
鸡蛋过敏儿童的黄热病疫苗接种
黄热病是一种通过蚊媒传播的疾病，可导致严重的并发症甚至死亡。治疗是支持性的，接种疫苗是预防疾病的最重要策略；为超过 95% 的接种疫苗的人提供免疫力。目前，许多指南建议鸡蛋过敏反应是接受黄热病疫苗 (YFV) 的禁忌症，澳大利亚免疫手册建议需要疫苗的人与免疫学家或过敏症专家讨论这个问题，因为 YFV 含有鸡蛋卵清蛋白。
由于该疾病的严重性，一些国家/地区要求将免疫证明作为入境要求，并且针对鸡蛋过敏人群的 YFV 指南差异很大；来自国家免疫研究与监测中心 (NCIRS) 和墨尔本皇家儿童医院的研究人员发表了一个案例系列，建议对轻度鸡蛋过敏的患者可能不需要进行皮肤测试，并且采用两步分级挑战在医疗监督下进行是一种安全的选择。
在此处详细了解他们的发现和建议：
2020 年 7 月 1 日起 NIP 即将发生的变化
2020 年 7 月 1 日，国家免疫计划 (NIP) 将发生几项变化：
免费 NIP 肺炎球菌疫苗（Prevenar 13®、Pneumovax 23®）的资格
- 为 65 岁的健康非土著成年人停止 Pneumovax 23®
- 为 ≥ 70 岁的健康非土著成年人开始使用 Prevenar 13®
- 为 ≥ 50 岁的土著成年人开始 Prevenar 13® 加上一生中 2 剂 Pneumovax 23®
- 开始为 12 个月以上（包括青少年和成人）新诊断出的风险状况的 Prevenar 13® 加上一生中 2 剂 Pneumovax 23®
- 新的风险条件资格标准
免费 NIP B 型脑膜炎球菌 (Bexsero®) 疫苗的资格：
- 原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民婴儿在 2、4 和 12 个月大时接受 2 剂 Bexsero® 初级剂量和 1 剂加强剂
- 到 2023 年 6 月 30 日为止，所有 2 岁以下的原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民儿童均可使用 Bexsero® 补充 3 年
- 一些有风险的人将有资格使用 Bexsero®
在此处阅读有关更改的更多信息：
临床更新：自 2020 年 7 月 1 日起国家免疫计划 (NIP) 时间表发生变化——给疫苗接种提供者的建议
COVID19 Road to a vaccine episode 2: Professor Kathryn Edwards
- Professor Edwards' perspective on vaccine safety across her roles as a clinician/scientist/researcher
- Adverse events following immunisation and their implications when developing new vaccines
- Vaccine safety across the different phases (I to IV) of clinical trials
- The importance of data safety and monitoring committees in vaccine trials
- What we can learn from the historical research into the development of SARS and MERS vaccines
- What is ADE (antibody-dependent enhancement of virus infection) and why is it an important consideration in COVID19 vaccine development?
- What are adjuvants and how does the use of them affect safety planning?
- Should pregnant women and children be involved in vaccine trials and how can their participation be managed safely?
- The importance of transparency and honest communication with the public in regards to vaccine safety
You can listen to the episode via our 播客页面 或通过以下链接：
喇叭 - 苹果 - Spotify 音乐
COVID19 Road to a vaccine episode 1: Professor Stanley Plotkin
In Episode 1 of our new podcast series, Associate Professor Nigel Crawford, a vaccinologist and consultant paediatrician at the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (MCRI) & Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH), Melbourne, talks with Stanley Plotkin, Emeritus Professor of Paediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania; who is well known internationally for his role in vaccine development.
在这一集中，他们讨论了：
- Professor Plotkin’s role in the development of the rubella vaccine, still used throughout the world today
- His role as the Editor in Chief of the ‘Vaccines’ textbook
- His role in the formation of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness and Innovation (CEPI) and CEPI’s current role in global COVID-19 vaccine development
- What can we learn from the H1N1 pandemic in the development of a COVID-19 vaccine?
- How developing a vaccine against coronaviruses is critical to the future of civilisation as economies are being destroyed by these viruses
- Human challenge models and some of the ethical considerations we need to tackle if these sorts of trials are going to be undertaken to support COVID-19 vaccine development
- Success can only be achieved through global collaboration in the pursuit of a COVID-19 vaccine
- How the practical aspects of distributing a vaccine on this scale have never been faced before and the importance of thinking outside the box!
资源：
- Plotkin's Vaccines (7th edition)
- Vaccine: Extraordinary diseases require extraordinary solutions
- CEPI: Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness and Innovation
在这里收听该片段：
喇叭 - Apple Podcasts - Spotify Podcasts
Special MVEC podcast series: COVID19 Road to a vaccine
The year 2020 has seen the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID19), a unique and potentially devastating virus, with no known prevention or treatment. This new SARS-2 virus has shown to not only have significant international health implications, but also immense psychological and economic impacts. Associate Professor Nigel Crawford, a vaccinologist and consultant paediatrician at the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (MCRI) & Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH), Melbourne, will delve into the global pursuit of a safe and effective vaccine to prevent COVID19. This is all occurring at ‘pandemic speed’ and MVEC’s new podcast will explore this complicated and multi-faceted process through interviews with a variety of national and international vaccine experts.
In our first few episodes, we will be talking with vaccine experts Emeritus Professor Stanley Plotkin, Professor Kathryn Edwards and Professor Andrew Pollard.
Listen via our 播客页面 or subscribe below on your preferred podcast platform:
喇叭 - Apple podcasts - Spotify podcasts
Who's leading the race? A guide to coronavirus vaccines in the pipeline
This article from the ABC takes a closer look at some of the candidates in the race to making an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. It looks at the ten vaccines currently in human trials (as at May 24, 2020).
Different kinds of vaccines in development are also discussed, both an experimental genetic vaccine as well as a viral vector vaccine; and which stage of trials these vaccines are currently at.
在这里阅读更多内容：
ABC: Who's leading the race? A guide to coronavirus vaccines in the pipeline
Stay tuned for our latest podcast series launching this week, COVID19 Road to a vaccine. Associate Professor Nigel Crawford, Director of SAEFVIC, will be discussing the different steps involved in creating a new vaccine with global vaccine experts.
Hepatitis A outbreak in Victoria
There is an ongoing hepatitis A outbreak in Victoria largely among people use drugs (primarily by injection) and people experiencing homelessness. According to the Department of Health, as of the 6th May 2020, there have been 56 confirmed cases and 6 possible cases associated with this outbreak since mid 2019.
In order to control this outbreak a hepatitis A vaccination program targeting affected people groups (people who use drugs and those experiencing homelessness) will be available until the 31st August, 2020.
Hepatitis B vaccine should also be offered as hepatitis B and C have a high rate of prevalence among people who inject drugs. Influenza vaccine should also be offered.
Read the full Department of Health advisory here: Hepatitis A outbreak
New NCIRS resource - Influenza vaccination during COVID-19 - FAQs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are at an increased risk of serious disease when they contract influenza. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is more important than ever that Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander people are accessing an influenza vaccine. The influenza vaccine is funded under the National Immunisation Program for all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 6-months and over.
NCIRS have created a new FAQ resource addressing questions most frequently asked by people in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community:
NCIRS: Influenza vaccination during COVID-19 - FAQs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
Are children with asthma at a greater risk of severe disease with COVID-19?
The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (MCRI) are conducting extensive research into why children are more mildly affected by COVID-19. They are also investigating whether chronic health conditions such as asthma increase the risk of severe disease.
Read more about how children with asthma may be affected by COVID-19 at the link below:
MCRI: COVID-19 and asthma: what are the risks for children?